The positions of Austria-Hungary's aristocracy and the…
1888 CE to 1899 CE
Individual aristocrats play prominent roles in the government, but the bureaucracy is assuming many functions once played by the aristocracy as a whole.
For the church, the 1855 concordat between the empire and the Vatican had been a high-water mark for its formal role in political life.
The Liberals' anticlerical legislation and abrogation of the concordat in 1870 curtails the church's public presence and influence.
Nonetheless, popular support for the church remains strong, and a new form of Catholic political participation is beginning to take shape based on a socially progressive platform endorsed by the 1891 papal encycylical Rerum Novarum.
This largely urban movement coalesces into the Christian Social Party (Christlichsoziale Partei—CSP).
Papal support is not sufficient to win the new party the approval of the conservative Austrian
bishops, who continue to work through the older clerical-oriented parties.
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Central Europe
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