David Ben-Gurion returns from two years of…

David Ben-Gurion returns from two years of retirement to again seek the prime ministry, but Levi Eshkol easily wins the election.

Ben-Gurion gathers about him a group of younger leaders in 1965, notably Shimon Peres and Moshe Dayan, and organizes a new splinter party, Rafi, an acronym for Reshimat Po'ale Yisra'el ("Israel Workers List").

As a Rafi member, Dayan is again elected to the Knesset.

Yigal Allon, deputy prime minister of the Eshkol government, formulates a settlement plan during the summer of 1965.

The Allon plan, dictated primarily by security concerns, calls for rural and urban settlements to be erected in a sparsely Arab-populated strip twelve to fifteen kilometers wide along the western bank of the Jordan River and the western shores of the Dead Sea.

Yitzhak Shamir, who had returned to Israel in May 1948, has until now served as a Mossad secret-service operative in Europe.