All of the great European powers have…

All of the great European powers have established consulates by mid-century in Jerusalem, which has a salutary influence on the position of the non-Muslim population.

Jewish immigration, mainly from eastern Europe, has changed the city's demographic structure and the relative importance of the Old City and the new quarters outside the walls.

Christian and Muslim quarters follow suit.

Nearly half of the city's population is Jewish, and it is expanding beyond the walls.