Claudius appoints Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus…

Claudius appoints Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus Hosidius Geta to end the revolt in Mauretania.

During the campaign, Paulinus becomes the first Roman to cross the Atlas Mountains.

He reaches areas near the Niger river (probably actual northern Mali), where he finds black tribes.

Pliny the Elder quotes his description of the area in his Natural History: “In the year [41 AD] Suetonius Paullinus, afterwards Consul, was the first of the Romans who led an army across Mount Atlas.

At the end of a ten days' march he reached the summit,—which even in summer was covered with snow,—and from thence, after passing a desert of black sand and burnt rocks, he arrived at a river called Gerj...he then penetrated into the country of the Canarii and Perorsi, the former of whom inhabited a woody region abounding in elephants and serpents, and the latter were Ethiopians, not far distant from the Pharusii and the river Daras [modern river Senegal].” Gaius Suetonius with his expedition is thus one of the first European explorers of Saharan Africa.

Tingis, modern Tangier, is partially destroyed during the battles between the Berbers and the Romans.