Cosimo I de' Medici', in exchange for…

Cosimo I de' Medici', in exchange for his receipt of the title of Grand Duke of Tuscany from the Pope in 1569, had bowed to Church pressure and in the following year established the ghetto in Florence, locking in eighty-six Jews at night.

The ghetto swells to five hundred in 1571, as Jews from all over Tuscany are compelled to live within the ghetto walls.