Trajan marches from Armenia to Mesopotamia following…

The Jewish revolt, having spread from the mainland cities to Cyprus, badly damages the city of Salamis.

The rebels slaughter all non-Jews (two hundred and forty thousand are said to have been killed) and sack the city, but the Romans finally suppress the revolt, killing every one of the thousands of Jews on the island. (From this time forward, the Romans will never allow Jews to land on the island. Even if a Jew was shipwrecked, he will be killed on site.)

Although Salamis had ceased to be the capital of Cyprus from the Hellenistic period onward when it was replaced by Paphos, its wealth and importance have not diminished.

The city is particularly favored by the Roman emperors Trajan and Hadrian, who restore and establish its public buildings.

…a second follows the river south, capturing Babylon; while …

…Trajan himself sails down the Euphrates, then drags his fleet overland into the Tigris, capturing Seleucia and finally, the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon.

Trajan continues southward to the Persian Gulf, receiving the submission of Athambelus, the ruler of Charax, whence he declares Babylon a new province of the Empire, sends the Senate a laureled letter declaring the war to be at a close and bemoaning that he is too old to go on any further and repeat the conquests of Alexander the Great.

A province of Assyria is also proclaimed, apparently covering the territory of Adiabene, as well as some measures seem to have been considered about the fiscal administration of the Indian trade.

However, as Trajan leaves the Persian Gulf for Babylon—where he intends to offer sacrifice to Alexander in the house where he had died in 323 BCE—a sudden outburst of Parthian resistance, led by a nephew of the Parthian king, Sanatruces, imperils Roman positions in Mesopotamia and Armenia, something Trajan seeks to deal with by forsaking direct Roman rule in Parthia proper, at least partially.

The emperor, after defeating a Parthian army in a battle where Sanatruces is killed and retaking Seleucia in 116, formally deposes the Parthian king Osroes I later in the year.

Parthamaspates, a pro-Roman son of Osroes who has spent much of his life in Roman exile, has accompanied Trajan on the latter's campaign to conquer Parthia.

Trajan had originally planned to annex Parthia as part of the Roman Empire, but ultimately decides instead to place Parthamaspates on his father's throne as a Roman client, doing so in 116.

That done, he retreats north in order to retain what he can of the new provinces of Armenia and Mesopotamia.

It is at this point that Trajan's health starts to fail him.

The fortress city of Hatra, on the Tigris in his rear, continues to hold out against repeated Roman assaults.

He is personally present at the siege and it is possible that he suffered a heat stroke while in the blazing heat.

Shortly afterwards, the Jews inside the Roman Empire rise up in rebellion once more, as do the people of Mesopotamia.

Trajan is forced to withdraw his army in order to put down the revolts.

Trajan sees it as simply a temporary setback, but he is destined never to command an army in the field again, turning his Eastern armies over to the high ranking legate and governor of Judaea, Lucius Quietus, who in early 116 had been in charge of the Roman division that had recovered Nisibis and Edessa from the rebels.

Trajan reconquers Nisibis (Nusaybin in Turkey), …

…Edessa, the capital of Osroene, a small Roman client state between Asia Minor and Syria, …

…Seleucia on the Tigris (Iraq), each of which houses large Jewish communities.

The anti-Roman upheavals spread from the Mediterranean to Mesopotamia, where the Jewish communities contribute to the anti-Roman uprising in 116.

Some notable architectural works are constructed in the Aegyptus province during Lupus’ tenure of office.

A new portico in the Oasis of Thebes is, in the same manner as the temple at Panopolis in Thebaid under the prior prefect Lucius Sulpicius Simius, dedicated to Serapis and Isis (Samuel Sharpe, History of Egypt, Moxon 1859, volume 2, page 157) with the following inscription:
"For the fortune of the Lord Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajanus, the best, Augustus, Germanicus, Dacicus, under Marcus Rutilius Lupus, praefect of Egypt.To Sarapis and Isis, the most great gods, the inhabitants of Cysis, having decreed the building of the pylon, did it in token of their piety. In the year 19 of the Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajanus, the best, Augustus, Germanicus, Dacicus, the first of Pachon”
 (from Sir John Gardner Wilkinson’s book on Egypt: "Modern Egypt and Thebes: being a description of Egypt; including the information required for travellers in that country." [1843] Full text available on Google Books)