John has a constant policy from 1212…

1108 CE to 1251 CE

John has a constant policy from 1212 onward of maintaining close relations with the Pope, which partially explains how he persuades the Pope to reject the legitimacy of the Magna Carta.

Over the course of his reign a combination of higher taxes, unsuccessful wars and conflict with the Pope had made King John unpopular with his barons, and in 1215 some of the most important decide to rebel against him.

He meets their leaders along with their French and Scot allies at Runnymede, near London on June 15, 1215, to seal the Great Charter (Magna Carta in Latin), which imposes legal limits on the king's personal powers.

Because he has sealed under duress, however, John receives approval from the Pope to break his word as soon as hostilities have ceased, provoking the First Barons' War and an invited French invasion by Prince Louis of France (whom the majority of the English barons have invited to replace John on the throne and have him proclaimed king in London in May 1216).

John travels around the country to oppose the rebel forces, directing, among other operations, a two-month siege of the rebel-held Rochester Castle.

People
John of England View → Louis VIII of France View →

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Papal States (Republic of St. Peter) View → Scottish people View → Anjou, County of View → Normandy, Duchy of View → Normans View → Holy Roman Empire View → French people (Latins) View → Aquitaine, (Angevin) Duchy of View → France, (Capetian) Kingdom of View → Christians, Roman Catholic View → English people View → Anglo-Normans View → England, (Plantagenet, Angevin) Kingdom of View → Angevin Empire View →

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Capet–Plantagenet feud View → Barons' War, First View →

Subjects
Custom and Law View →

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