Giovanni Pressiosi publishes an Italian version of…

Siam’s Rama VI institutes compulsory education in 1921.

Marxism officially enters China in 1921 with the first congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

Mao Zedong is an attendee.

Ibn Sa'ud, using his Ikhwan to defeat the forces of Muhammad ibn Talal, the last Rashidi emir, in 1921, annexes the whole of Ha'il, northern Arabia, and adopts the title of sultan of Nejd.

He occupies Al-Jawf and Wadi As-Sirhan in the following year.

Mohandas K. Gandhi begins agitating against the British opium trade, among other issues, in 1921.

Rabindranath Tagore translates the Gitanjali from the Hindu.

In 1921, Tagore and agricultural economist Leonard Knight Elmhirst had set up the Institute for Rural Reconstruction (which Tagore later renamed Shriniketan—"Abode of Wealth") in Surul, a village near the ashram at Santiniketan.

Through it, Tagore had sought to provide an alternative to Gandhi's symbol- and protest-based Swaraj movement, which he had denounced.

He had recruited scholars, donors, and officials from many countries to help the Institute use schooling to "free village from the shackles of helplessness and ignorance" by "vitaliz[ing] knowledge".

In Austria, the government expels in 1921 seventy-three thousand of the hundred thousand Galician Jewish refugees; the remaining individuals are either too sick or too old to leave.

Theodor Fritsch, elsewhere called "The Nestor of German anti-Semitism," produces his own version of the Protocols, which he claims is a translation from Hebrew.

The first publication of his Hammer Publishing House is Antisemiten-Katechismus—a catalogue of Jewish misdeeds.

Hitler takes control of the NSGWP (Nazis) in 1921, delivering forceful speeches against Germany’s “enemies”, the Jews and Marxists.

The Nazis form the SA (Sturmabteilung, aka the Brownshirts) from Roehm’s private army in 1921.

The Brownshirts begin agitating against their political opponents.

Rathenau, an advocate of a decentralized form of social democracy, is named the Weimar Republic’s minister of reconstruction in 1921.

The New Society, one of his several books, is translated into English in 1921.

In 1921, Mustapha Kemal’s Turkish Nationalist Party topples the Ottoman Sultanate.

The Bolsheviks, in 1921, win the Russian Civil war, proclaiming the Soviet Union, or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

The Soviet Tcheka is reorganized as the OGPU, a secret police force.

A 1921 drought starves thousands of Russians.

Iranian army officer Reza Pahlavi initiates civil war by marching his troops against the Iranian government in 1921.

The Dashnak party ruling independent Armenia turns their government over to the Russian Communists rather than surrender to the Turks; the Soviet Republic of Armenia is born.

Haywood jumps bail in 1921 and emigrates to the USSR.

Gandhi begins agitating against the British opium trade, among other issues, in 1921.

Lenin, in 1921, institutes the Soviet trade policy of gaining acqauintance with US technology.

The British divide their West Asian mandate in two: east of the Jordan River becomes the Emirate of Transjordan, to be ruled by Abdullah, and west of the Jordan River becomes the Palestine Mandate.

Effectively, Turkish rule in Transjordan is simply replaced by British rule.

British Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Gerard Peake raises an internal police force, the Arab Legion, to keep order among Transjordanian tribes and to safeguard Transjordanian villagers from Bedouins.

The Amirate of Transjordan has fewer than four hundred thousand inhabitants at its inception in 1921.

Of this number, about twenty percent live in four towns each having populations of from ten thousand to thirty thousand.

The balance are farmers in village communities and pastoral nomadic and seminomadic tribespeople.

The amirate's treasury operates on British financial aid established on the basis of an annual subsidy.

A native civil service is gradually trained with British assistance, but government is simple, and Abdullah rules directly with a small executive council, much in the manner of a tribal sheikh.

British officials handle the problems of defense, finance, and foreign policy, leaving internal political affairs to Abdullah.
To supplement the rudimentary police, in 1921 a reserve Arab force is organized by F. G. Peake, a British officer known to the Arabs as Peake Pasha.

This Arab force soon is actively engaged in suppressing brigandage and repelling raids by the Wahhabis.