"Without the railroad," says Leopold II's agent,…
1888 CE to 1899 CE
"Without the railroad," says Leopold II's agent, Henry Morton Stanley, "the Congo is not worth a penny."
Without recourse to forced labor, however, the railroad cannot be built; nor can the huge concessions made to private companies become profitable unless African labor is freely used to locate and transport rubber and ivory; nor can African resistance in the east be overcome without a massive recruitment of indigenous troops.
The cruel logic of the revenue imperative leaves the Leopoldian system with no apparent option but to extract a maximum output of labor and natural resources from the land.
Groups
Bantu peoples
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Arab people
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Mongo peoples
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Kongo people
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Luba people
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Mangbetu people
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Christians, Roman Catholic
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Zande people
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Kongo, Kingdom of
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Lunda people
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Kuba Kingdom
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Portuguese Empire
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Protestantism
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Chokwe people
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Luba, Kingdom of
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Lunda, Kingdom of
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Kazembe
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Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
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Belgium, Kingdom of
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France (French republic); the Third Republic
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International Association of the Congo
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Congo, French
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Congo Free State (King Leopold's Congo)
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