New Russian forces under Grand Duke Michael…

New Russian forces under Grand Duke Michael have arrived in Poland but meet with many defeats.

Constant warfare, however, and bloody battles such as that at Ostroleka on May 26 in which nearly seven thousand Poles lose their lives, considerably deplete the Polish forces.

Mistakes on the part of the commanders, constant changes and numerous resignations, and the indolence of the Generalissimo, who continues to hope for foreign intervention, add to the feeling of despair.

The more radical elements severely criticize the government not only for its inactivity, but also its lack of land reform and its failure to recognize the peasants’ rights to the soil they till.

However, the Sejm, fearing that the governments of Europe might regard the war with Russia as social revolution, procrastinates and haggles over concessions.

The initial enthusiasm of the peasantry wanes as the ineptitude of the government becomes more apparent.