…Nidaros. King Olaf has also initiated the…

Only after Empress Dowager Gao's death in 1093 is Zhezong is able to reinstate Wang Anshi's reforms and remove all of Sima Guang's influence (Although both Wang Anshi and Sima Guang had died in 1086).

Vsevolod had inherited the Kievan throne upon the death of his brother Sviatoslav in 1076 but had ceded it to the banished Iziaslav in return for his patrimony of Chernigov.

But Iziaslav dies two years later, and Vsevolod takes the Kievan throne yet again.

Vsevolod is versed in Greek learning and speaks five languages.

Since he loses most of his battles, his eldest son, Vladimir Monomakh, a grand and famous warrior, does most of the fighting for his father.

The last years of his reign have been clouded by grave illness, and Vladimir Monomakh has presided over the government.

When Vsevolod Iaroslavich dies in 1093, Sviatopolk is acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of Veliki Kniaz and permitted to ascend the Kievan throne.

Although he has participated in the princely congresses organized by Vladimir Monomakh, he is sometimes charged with encouraging internecine wars among Rurikid princes.

He has sided with Vladimir Monomakh in several campaigns against the Cumans but is defeated in the Battle of the Stugna River in 1093.

Sviatopolk's Christian name is Michael.

He encourages the embellishment of St. Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which will be been known as the Golden-Roofed up to the present.

The history now known as the Primary Chronicle is compiled during Sviatopolk's reign by Nestor, a monk of the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev from 1073.

The Cumans had raided Rus' soon after the death of Vsevolod and sought to buy peace with the new great prince, Sviatopolk.

However, Sviatopolk has incarcerated the Cumans ambassadors, and the Cumans have come in force to attack Kiev.

Facing an enemy army of eight thousand, Sviatopolk takes the advice of counsel and calls for help from Vladimir Monomakh, prince of Chernigov.

Monomakh comes with his troops and also calls upon his only brother, Rostislav of Pereyaslav.

Monomakh insists on peace with the Cumans while Sviatopolk wants war.

Union against the Cumans is achieved, and Sviatopolk releases the Cuman ambassadors.

The armies of the three princes join together and set out for the city of Trepol'.

Approaching the Stugna River, the princes are undecided, so they halt their advance to hold a council.

The Cumans are across the river.

Monomakh (whose wife is a Cuman princess) continues to demand that they sue for peace, but the Kievan troops want battle.

They cross the river and meet the Cumans in a valley at the rampart of Trepol'.

Svyatapolk deploys on the right, Rostislav in the center, and Vladimir on the left.

The Cumans first attack Sviatapolk's troops, and after a bloody battle, Sviatapolk's troops run.

Then Vladimir Monomakh is crushed and all the Kievan troops retreat.

Sviatapolk takes cover in Trepol', but Rostislav and Monomakh attempt to swim the Stugna River.

Rostislav, in a heavy chain armor, drowns.

Monomakh retreats to Chernigov and Sviatapolk retreats at night to Kiev.

Cosmas of Prague, a Bohemian chronicler, mentions Jews living in Prague 1093 in what he calls the Mezi gradi Vysehrad (between the castles) on the right bank of the river “who had amassed large amounts of gold and silver”.

Ladislaus intervenes in the conflict between Duke Wladislaw I Herman of Poland and his illegitimate son, Zbigniew on the latter's behalf.

He breaks into Wladislaw I Herman's camp, seizes his younger son, Boleslav and forces the duke to declare Zbigniew his legitimate son in 1093.

According to the Illuminated Chronicle, the Hungarian troops also took Cracow, but the credibility of this report is dubious.

The individual Turkish tribes in Anatolia—the Danishmends, Mangujekids, Saltuqids, Chaka, Tengribirmish begs, Artuqids (Ortoqids) and Akhlat-Shahs—had started vying with each other to establish their own independent states following the death of Malik Shah I, sultan of the Seljuq Empire from 1072 to 1092.

Alexios makes subsequent agreements in 1093 with Kilij Arslan as well as with other Muslim rulers on the empire's eastern border.

The terms that Alexios has made with his enemies in the first dozen years of his reign are not meant to be permanent: he fully expects to win back Anatolia from the Seljuqs.

Chalukya king Vikramaditya VI is successful not only in controlling his powerful feudatories in the north and south; he also defeats  the imperial Chola in the battle of Vengi in 1093.

The rule of Stephen II over Croatia had been relatively ineffectual and lasted less than two years.

He spent most of this time in the tranquility of the monastery of Sv.

Stjepan pod Borovima (St. Stephen beneath the Pines) near Split.

Zvonimir's widow, Queen Jelena, reportedly plots the inheritance of the Croatian Crown for her brother, King Ladislaus I of Hungary.

Stephen II had died peacefully in December 1090, or at the beginning of 1091, without leaving an heir.

War and unrest had broken out in Croatia shortly afterward, with the southern nobility electing Petar Svačić as King of Croatia in 1093, immediately entering into conflict with the Hungarian king Ladislaus.

The name Zagreb appears to have been first recorded in 1134 in a document relating to the establishment of the Zagreb bishopric around 1094 by the Hungarian King Ladislaus, returning from his campaign against Croatia.

The origins of the name Zagreb are less clear.

Almoravid policy in Spain had remained indecisive for two years, but it appears that the siege of Aledo in 1088 had convinced Yusuf ibn Tashufin of the urgent necessity of putting an end to the independent ta'ifa kingdoms if he is going to rescue Spanish Islam.

From 1090 onward, he deposes their rulers, beginning with those of the “New” Berber ta'ifas of Granada—then, in 1091, of the Arab ta'ifas of Almería and Seville, and, in 1093 of Badajoz, a stronghold of the “Andalusians” (Arabs, Berbers who had settled in Al-Andalus a long time earlier, and the population that had converted to Islam).

Granada's Jewish community, believed to have sided with the Christians, is destroyed.

Many flee, penniless, for Christian Toledo.