Northwestern North America (244–675 CE): Grease Trails,…

244 CE to 675 CE

Northwestern North America (244–675 CE): Grease Trails, Arctic Frontiers, and Coastal Polities

Geographical Parameters

(Same as above.)

Anchors

  • Norton communities
  • Birnirk precursors
  • Fraser Canyon towns
  • Haida Gwaii
  • Central Coast chiefdoms
  • Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound

Climate & Environmental Conditions

Environmental variability reinforced the value of storage systems, exchange networks, and route redundancy.

Subsistence & Settlement

Three major systems became increasingly interconnected:

  • Arctic marine economies
  • coastal ranked villages
  • interior salmon towns

Settlement permanence expanded while seasonal mobility remained important.

Technology & Material Culture

  • specialized marine hunting equipment
  • increasingly large canoes
  • storage infrastructure
  • oil technologies
  • advanced woodworking

Movement & Interaction Corridors

Grease trails and coastal canoe routes intensified interaction between ecological zones.

Cultural & Symbolic Expressions

Ceremonial exchange and lineage systems strengthened across the region.

Environmental Adaptation & Resilience

Multiple overlapping transportation systems maintained stability through environmental fluctuations.

Legacy & Transition

By 675 CE, the foundations of classic Northwest Coast societies and emerging Birnirk adaptations were firmly established.

Images
Northwestern North America in Late Antiquity

Northwestern North America in Late Antiquity

Groups
Kwakwakaʼwakw View → Haida people View → Tlingit people View → Athabaskans, or Dene, peoples View → Klamath (Amerind tribe) View → Tsimshian View → Aleutian Tradition View →

Commodities
Fish and game View → Hides and feathers View → Glass View → Oils, gums, resins, and waxes View → Industrial metals View →

Subjects
Trade View → Watercraft View → Decorative arts View → Government View → Law View →

Regions

Subregions

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