Count Drucki-Lubecki returns with no concessions from…

Count Drucki-Lubecki returns with no concessions from Russia on January 7, 1831.

The Tsar demands the complete and unconditional surrender of Poland and announces that the Poles should surrender to the grace of their Emperor.

Chlopick, his plans foiled, resigns the following day.

Power in Poland is now in the hands of the radicals united in the Towarzystwo Patriotyczne (Patriotic Society) led by Joachim Lelewel.

The Sejm passes the Act of Dethronization of Nicholas I, which ends the Polish-Russian personal union and is equivalent to a declaration of war on Russia, on January 25, 1831.

The proclamation declares "the Polish nation is an independent people and has a right to offer the Polish crown to him whom it may consider worthy, from whom it might with certainty expect faith to his oath and wholehearted respect to the sworn guarantees of civic freedom."

On January 29, the National Government of Adam Jerzy Czartoryski is established, and Michal Gedeon Radziwill is chosen as successor to Chlopicki.

Chlopicki is persuaded to accept active command of the army.

It is too late to move the theater of hostilities to Lithuania.