Pierre Lallement, with James Carroll of New…

Pierre Lallement, with James Carroll of New Haven as his financier, files the earliest and only American patent application for the pedal-bicycle in April 1866; the patent will be awarded on November 20, 1866.

His patent drawing shows a machine bearing a great resemblance to the style of dandy-horse built by Denis Johnson of London, with its serpentine frame, the only differences being, first, the addition of the pedals and cranks, and, second, a thin strip of iron above the frame acting as a spring upon which he has mounted the saddle to provide a more comfortable ride.

Lallement was born on October 25, 1843 in Pont-à-Mousson near Nancy, France.

In 1862, while Lallement was employed building baby carriages in Nancy, he had seen someone riding a dandy horse, a forerunner of the bicycle that required the rider to propel the vehicle by walking.

Lallement had modified what he had seen by adding a transmission comprising a rotary crank mechanism and pedals attached to the front-wheel hub, thus creating the first true bicycle.

He had moved to Paris in 1863 and apparently interacted with the Olivier brothers, who had seen commercial potential in his invention.

The Oliviers had formed a partnership with Pierre Michaux to mass-produce a 2-wheeled velocipede.

Whether these bicycles used Lallement's design of 1864 or another by Ernest Michaux is a matter of dispute.

Lallement himself may have been an employee of Michaux for a short time.

Lallement had left France in July 1865 for the United States, settling in Ansonia, Connecticut, where he had built and demonstrated an improved version of his bicycle.