The Moorish Conquest of Northern Portugal (716…

Many of the territories Qutayba had conquered are incorporated into the province of Transoxiana, “which lies beyond the Oxus”.

Though Qutayba himself had primarily been concerned with the military administration of the conquered territories, his successors will ultimately achieve the Islamization of the heretofore primarily Buddhist peoples of those regions.

The conquered cities of Samarkand and …

…Bukhara are soon to become major centers for the dissemination of Islamic culture and learning among the Asian peoples of Central Asia.

The Arab position in Transoxiana swiftly crumbles after Qutayba's death.

His successors will be unable to maintain his conquests in the face of local revolts and invasion by the Turgesh khaganate, and most of Transoxiana is soon abandoned or becomes hotly contested territory in the years after his death.

Little is known of the short reign of Theodosios III, who immediately faces an Arab invasion deep into Anatolia and the advance of the Arab fleet.

Theodosius turns out to be quite unsuited to imperial office.

Arabic expansion at the expense of the Empire presumably precipitates the famous Roman-Bulgar treaty of 716, under which Constantinople agrees to pay annual tribute to khan Tervel (whom Justinian, prior to his second deposition, had made his son-in-law and named Caesar), further Roman-Bulgar commercial relations, and recognize the border in Thrace, where the Bulgars are to retain Zagora.

(This policy will pay off in 719 when they help relieve the Arabs’ second siege of Constantinople.)

Leo, in alliance with Artavasdos, the commander of the Armeniakon theme (the second largest in Asia Minor), refuses to recognize the new emperor and continues to champion the cause of Anastasios.

Caliph Sulayman makes Ramla the administrative capital of Palestine in 716, replacing nearby Lydda (Lod).

He orders the construction of marketplaces, fortifications, and, above all, the White Mosque (Al-Jami").

Many Babylonian and Persian Jews settle here.

The Arab Muslim forces in Asia Minor take Pergamon (Bergama) in 716.

Abd al-Aziz is killed in 716 in a revolt inspired by Ayyub ibn Habib al-Lakhmi, who will succeed him as Umayyad governor of Al Andalus; the assassin is Ziyad ibn Udhra, one of his fighters, who murders him while he is praying in a mosque in Seville that had been converted from the Church of Santa Rufina.

On the orders of Sulayman, his head is sent to Damascus.

Córdoba becomes the provincial capital of Muslim Al-Andalus in 716, subordinate to the Caliphate of Damascus.

...Porto.

These conquests further extend Islamic rule into northern Portugal, though Moorish control in this region remains less stable compared to the territories south of the Tagus River, where Muslim settlements are more concentrated