Elizabeth maintains relative government stability apart from…
1540 CE to 1683 CE
Elizabeth's government does much to consolidate the work begun under Thomas Cromwell in the reign of Henry VIII, that is, expanding the role of the government and effecting common law and administration throughout England.
During the reign of Elizabeth and shortly afterwards, the population grows significantly: from three million in 1564 to nearly five million in 1616.
The queen runs afoul of her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, who is a devoted Catholic and has been forced to abdicate her throne as a consequence (Scotland had recently become Protestant).
She flees to England, where Elizabeth immediately has her arrested.
Mary spends the next nineteen years in confinement, but proves too dangerous to keep alive, as the Catholic powers in Europe consider her, not Elizabeth, the legitimate ruler of England.
She is eventually tried for treason and sentenced to death, being beheaded in February 1587.
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North Europe
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