The Romans and their allies win a…

The Romans and their allies win a series of victories between 311 and 304 against both the Etruscans (at Perusia, in 310) and the Samnites.

The Etruscans sue in 308 BCE for peace, which is granted on severe terms, and the Samnites obtain peace in 304 BCE on terms probably severe but not crushing.

For assurance, the Romans demand inspections, and peace is established between the Romans and Samnites that remains until 298.

During these same years, Rome organizes a rudimentary navy, constructs its first military roads (construction of the Via Appia is begun in 312 BCE and of the Via Valeria in 306), and increases the size of its annual military levy as seen from the increase of annually elected military tribunes from six to sixteen.

During the last years of the war, the Romans also extend their power into northern Etruria and Umbria.

Several successful campaigns force the cities in these areas to become Rome's allies.

Hostilities with the Etruscans resumes in 302, and Rome captures the Umbrian town of Nequinum in 299.

By the outbreak of the Third Samnite War in 298, the Romans are again fighting on multiple fronts.

The Third Samnite War represents the first attempt by the people of Italy to unite against Rome as the Samnites join forces with the Etruscans, Umbrians and Gauls to the north.