The Romans fortify Aquae Mattiacorum for a…

Former Qin conquers Former Yan in 370.

Shapur, instead of going after Pap, concentrates his attack on the now long besieged fortress of Artogerassa, which falls in the winter of 370.

The royal treasure is captured by the Persians and Pap's mother Queen Parandzem raped and murdered.

Shapur also begins systematically persecuting the local Christians by forcing apostasy to the Mazdaite form of Orthodox Zoroastrianism.

Shapur contacts Pap, who is still in hiding and tries to persuade him to come over to his side.

Under Shapur's influence, Pap murders the duplicitous Cylaces and Artabanes and sends their heads to the shahanshah as a sign of loyalty.

In the spring of 370, Shapur prepares a massive invasion of Armenia.

The New Testament canon as it is today is first listed in 367 by Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, in a letter written to his churches in Egypt, Festal Letter 39.

Damasus, who had served as an assistant deacon to Liberius since his installation in 352, wins the support of the Roman people to become pope on October 1, 366, following the death of Antipope Felix II.

Of Spanish descent, Damasus, uneasy at the growing power of Constantinople, attempts to strengthen his position by insisting on the apostolic foundations of the Roman see.

An adherent of orthodoxy, he works to suppress Arianism and other church heresies.

Two synods held in 368 and 369 had condemned the unorthodox teachings of Bishop Macedonius of Constantinople and of Bishop Apollinaris (the Younger) of Laodicea.

Among Damasus' literary remains are twenty-four anathemas against various fourth-century heresies.

With a view to the elimination of Arianism in the East, he enters into lengthy negotiations with Basil, who, as the new bishop of Caesarea, is head of the church throughout most of Anatolia (Turkey).

Their dealings are not a success: though united against Arianism, they fail to agree on policies.

Valentinian does, however, legislate in favor of Rome‘s university, the nursery of imperial officials, by his law of 370.

In this year, laws of Valentinian and Valens ban marriages between Romans and barbarians under penalty of death; an edict issued by both emperors bans the importation of wine and olive oil from areas controlled by the barbarians.

Geunchogo sacks Goguryeo’s largest city, Pyongyang, in 371 and his son Geungusu kills King Gogukwon of Goguryeo in battle.

At the end of these conquests, Baekje rings the Yellow Sea, and controls much of the Korean peninsula, including all of Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Jeolla and parts of Gangwon and Hwanghae provinces.

The fortified cities of the Danube, with Sirmium at the forefront, contribute to stop an invasion of the Quadi.

The deteriorating state of affairs in the East had been among Valens' reasons for contracting a hasty and not entirely favorable peace with the Goths in 369.

Already in the summer following his Gothic settlement, Valens had sent his general Arinthaeus to re-impose Pap on the Armenian throne.

This had provoked Shapur himself to invade and lay waste to Armenia.

Pap, however, had once again escaped and been restored a second time under escort of a much larger force in 370.

The following spring, larger forces are sent under Terentius to regain Iberia and to garrison Armenia near Mount Npat.

When Shapur counterattacks into Armenia in 371, his forces are bested by Valens' generals Traianus and Vadomarius at Bagavan.

Faustus of Byzantium gives considerable credit for the victory to sparapet Mushegh Mamikonian.

(Sparapet, an Arrmenian military title, was traditionally held by the House of Mamikonian during the first centuries of the rule of the Arsacid kings.)

During the ensuing battles, more Armenian territories are reclaimed from the Persians, including Arzanene and Corduene which had been ceded to Persians by Jovian in 363.

By the end of the summer, Shapur retreats to his capital at Ctesiphon and Valens goes back to Antioch.

Valens has overstepped the 363 treaty and successfully defended his transgression.

A truce settled after the 371 victory is to hold as a quasi-peace for the next five years.

Shapur will be unable to confront the massive Roman buildup in Armenia as a result of his preoccupation with attacks in the eastern realm of his empire.

While peace prevails with Persia, the situation inside Armenia begins to crumble.

Gregory, brother to Bishop Basil of Caesarea, is in 371 elected bishop of the Cappadocian town of Nyssa.

Maximinus had been promoted within a year to vicarius of Rome, and from July 13, 371, serves as praetorian prefect of Gaul, providing a direct link between the emperor and the civil administration in Roman Britain and Gaul.

Baekje continues substantial trade with Goguryeo, and actively adopts Chinese culture and technology.

In 372, the first diplomatic ties are established between Baekje and the Eastern Jin court.