Rome sanctions two crusades in about 1240…
1108 CE to 1251 CE
Swedish crusaders first invade Russia along the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland, but they are halted in 1240 on the banks of the Neva River by Prince Alexander of Novgorod, who thereby earns the name Alexander Nevsky ("of the Neva").
The second crusade, spearheaded by the Teutonic Knights, follows the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland and is defeated by Alexander Nevsky in 1242 on the ice of Lake Peipus.
People
Groups
Finns
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Sami people
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Karelians
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Tavastians
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Estonians
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Swedes (North Germanic tribe)
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Rus' people
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Kievan Rus', or Kiev, Great Principality of
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Christians, Eastern Orthodox
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Christians, Roman Catholic
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Novgorod Republic
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Teutonic Knights of Acre (House of the Hospitalers of Saint Mary of the Teutons in Jerusalem)
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Ordensstaat (Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights)
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