The situation in Wales is meanwhile deteriorating.…

The situation in Wales is meanwhile deteriorating.

Henry had conducted a campaign in South Wales in 1108, pushing out royal power in the region and colonizing the area around Pembroke with Flemings.

Some of the resident Norman lords are under attack by 1114, while in Mid-Wales, Owain ap Cadwgan has blinded one of the political hostages he is holding, and in North Wales Gruffudd ap Cynan threatens the power of the Earl of Chester.

In an attack mainly aimed against Gruffydd ap Cynan, Henry sends three armies into Wales this year, with Gilbert Fitz Richard leading a force from the south, Alexander, King of Scotland, pressing from the north and Henry himself advancing into Mid-Wales.

Owain and Gruffudd sue for peace, and Henry accepts a political compromise.

Henry reinforced the Welsh Marches with his own appointees, strengthening the border territories.

After peace terms have been agreed, Henry takes Owain with him when he visits Normandy later this year and knights him.