The Russian Empire in the late nineteenth…
1888 CE to 1899 CE
At the same time, ethnocentric, authoritarian Russian nationalism is on the rise, as manifested both in an aggressive foreign policy and in a growing intolerance of non-Russian minorities within the empire.
The Russian government begins implementing a program of Russification that includes the imposition of the Russian language in schools and in governmental administration.
The goal of these measures is to bring non-Russian peoples into the Russian cultural sphere and under more direct political control.
Poles bear the brunt of the Russification policies, but eventually other non-Russian peoples also begin to feel its pressure.