Various Muslim kingdoms have the aid of…

Various Muslim kingdoms have the aid of the Christian kingdoms to the north, both in an official capacity and by mercenary Christian soldiers, throughout the conflict known as the Fitna of al-Andalus.

The repeated looting of Cordoba and its suburbs during the war completely destroys many iconic monuments, such as the Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos and the Medina Azahara.

The capital is temporarily moved to Málaga.

The added pressures of financial collapse are present due to the large tax burden placed on the populace to finance the continuous war.

Ten different caliphates emerge in a little less than twenty years as successor states to the Caliphate of Cordoba, among them a restored kingdom under Hisham II.

Three of these successor kingdoms form a dynastic succession line known as the Hammudid Dynasty.