Wang Anshi, in his New Policies sponsored…

Shen Kuo gains further reputation at court once he is dispatched as an envoy to the Khitan Liao Dynasty in the summer of 1075.

The Khitans have made several aggressive negotiations of pushing their borders south, while manipulating several incompetent Chinese ambassadors who concede to the Liao Kingdom's demands.

In a brilliant display of diplomacy, Shen Kuo comes to the camp of the Khitan monarch at Mt. Yongan (near modern Pingquan, Hebei), armed with copies of previously archived diplomatic negotiations between the Song and Liao dynasties.

Shen Kuo refutes Emperor Daozong's bluffs point for point, while the Song reestablish their rightful border line.

Shen, with regard to the Lý Dynasty of Dại Viet (in modern northern Vietnam), demonstrates in his Dream Pool Essays that he is familiar with the key players (on the Vietnamese side) in the prelude to the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1075–1077.

With his reputable achievements, Shen becomes a trusted member of Wang Anshi's elite circle of eighteen unofficial core political loyalists to the New Policies Group.

Trondheim’s Nidaros Cathedral, built from Norwegian blue soapstone and white marble, is built in 1075; it houses the tomb of the sainted Norwegian king Olaf II.

Ibn Butlan, who dies in Baghdad in 1075, is the author of the Taqwim al-Sihhah (The Maintenance of Health).

The work treats matters of hygiene, dietetics, and exercise.

It emphasizes the benefits of regular attention to the personal physical and mental well-being.

One of his Greek sources is Dioscorides.

The continued popularity and publication of this medieval text of Middle Eastern origin into the sixteenth century is thought to demonstrate the influence that Arabic culture had on early modern Europe.

The Jalali calendar, a sidereal calendar used in Persia, is reformed in 1075 under instructions from Nizam al-Mulk Throughout Malik's reign, new institutions of learning will be systematically established throughout the Seljuq lands, in such cities as Herat, Baghdad, Mosul, Basra, Nishapur, and Isfahan, the famous Nizamiyyah schools, which are named after him.

In many respects, these schools will turn out to be the predecessors and models of universities that will be established in Europe.

Suleiman ibn Qutalmish, a distant cousin of Malik-Shah, who rules as a chieftain in western Anatolia, captures Nicaea and …

…Nicomedia in about 1075, threatening Constantinople.

George II, following the 1073 devastation of Kartli (central Georgia) by the Seljuqs, had in the following year successfully repelled an invasion commanded a Turkish general left by the sultan in charge of the Caucasus.

The king had also secured the formal return of Upper Tao/Tayk (Theme of Iberia), a frontier region which had been a bone of contention between Georgia and the Empire early in the eleventh century, by the imperial governor, Gregory Pakourianos, who had begun to evacuate the region shortly after the 1071 disaster inflicted by the Seljuqs on the Byzantine army at Manzikert.

On this occasion, George had been bestowed with the imperial title of Caesaros, granted the fortress of Kars and put in charge of the Imperial Eastern limits.

This does not help to stem the Seljuq advance, however.

Alp Arslan’s son, Malik Shah, succeeds him as Great Seljuq sultan.

With the support of his father's vizier, Nizam al-Mulk, he continues his predecessor's policy of supporting Sunnite Islam against Egypt's Shiite Fatimid dynasty.

Nizam al-Mulk is the true manager of the Seljuq empire, extending Seljuq rule from the borders of Anatolia in the west to Transoxiana in the east, where the Seljuqs push back a Kara-Khanid attack on Khorasan and establish a shaky truce with the Ghaznavids, who continue to oppose the Seljuqs.

The Normans first become involved in Balkan politics during Kresimir's reign, and he soon comes in contact with them.

After the 1071 Battle of Manzikert, where the Seljuq Turks routed the Eastern Imperial army, the Serbs had instigated a rebellion of Slavic boyars in Macedonia.

In 1072, Kresimir had lent his aid to the uprising.

However, against all odds, the empire had relatively quickly retaliated in 1074.

In 1075, the Norman Count Amico invades Croatia from southern Italy, either at the command of Constantinople or on behalf of the Dalmaitan cities (by invitation to protect them from Croatian domination).

Amico besieges Rab for almost a month (late April to early May).

He fails to take the island, but he allegedly does manage to capture the Croatian king himself at an unidentified location.