Baban
Substate | Defunct
1649 CE to 1850 CE
The house of Baban (1649–1850) rules a Kurdish principality that encompasses areas of present-day Iraqi Kurdistan and western Iran from the early 1seventeenth century until 1850.
The Baban principality plays an active role in Ottoman-Persian conflict.
The founder of the princely Baban family is thought to be Ahmad Faqih or Faqi Ahmad from the district of Pijder.
The Babans claim descent from a Frankish woman, Keghan, who was taken prisoner in a battle.
According to the Sharafnama the clan's first chief was Pir Badak Babe, who is believed to have lived around 1500.
Baban princes retain some autonomy in return for providing security for the Ottoman Empire along the Iranian border.
Sulaiman Beg is the first Baban prince to gain control of the province of Shahrizor and its capital, Kirkuk.
He invades Iran, defeating forces from the principality of Ardalan in 1694.
Ottoman Sultan Mustafa II assignes him the district of Baban, which includes the town of Kirkuk.
The city of Sulaimaniyah is founded by Baban prince Mahmud Pasha in 1781.[
Baban rulers encourage cultural and literary activities in their domain.
During the first half of the nineteenth century, a school of poetry wis established under Baban patronage, of which classical Kurdish poet Nali wais the central figure.
Baban princes aid Ottoman forces in Iranian wars from 1723–1746.
Baban history from 1750 to 1847 is dominated by rivalries with other Kurdish principalities (such as Soran and Bohtan) and its opposition to centralization by the Ottomans and the Qajars.
The principality is destroyed during the mid-nineteenth century Ottoman modernization period.
The Baban revolt lasts for three years, but is defeated by a coalition of Ottoman forces and Kurdish tribes.
Ahmed Pasha Baban, the last Baban ruler, is defeated near Koya in 1847 and the region of Shahrazur is annexed to the Ottoman Empire.
The last Baban prince leaves Sulaimaniya in 1850, after fighting the Turks for the independence of southern Kurdistan.
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