Hanover, Prussian Province of
Substate | Defunct
1866 CE to 1918 CE
Worlds
The Atlantic Lands
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German chancellor Otto von Bismarck has long been an opponent of Austria because both states seek primacy within the same area—Germany.
Austria has been weakened by reverses abroad, including the loss of territory in Italy, and by the 1860s, because of clumsy diplomacy, has no foreign allies outside Germany.
Bismarck uses a diplomatic dispute to provoke Austria to declare war on Prussia in 1866.
Against expectations, Prussia quickly wins the Seven Weeks' War (also known as the Austro-Prussian War) against Austria and its south German allies.
Bismarck imposes a lenient peace on Austria because he recognizes that Prussia might later need the Austrians as allies, but he deals harshly with the other German states that had resisted Prussia and
expanded Prussian territory by annexing Hanover, Schleswig-Holstein, some smaller states, and the city of Frankfurt.
The German Confederation is replaced by the North German Confederation and is furnished with both a constitution and a parliament.
Austria is excluded from Germany.
South German states outside the confederation—Baden, Wurttemberg, and Bavaria—are tied to Prussia by military alliances.
In the Seven Weeks' War, the support they had given Austria had been lukewarm.
Austria has been weakened by reverses abroad, including the loss of territory in Italy, and by the 1860s, because of clumsy diplomacy, has no foreign allies outside Germany.
Bismarck uses a diplomatic dispute to provoke Austria to declare war on Prussia in 1866.
Against expectations, Prussia quickly wins the Seven Weeks' War (also known as the Austro-Prussian War) against Austria and its south German allies.
Bismarck imposes a lenient peace on Austria because he recognizes that Prussia might later need the Austrians as allies, but he deals harshly with the other German states that had resisted Prussia and
expanded Prussian territory by annexing Hanover, Schleswig-Holstein, some smaller states, and the city of Frankfurt.
The German Confederation is replaced by the North German Confederation and is furnished with both a constitution and a parliament.
Austria is excluded from Germany.
South German states outside the confederation—Baden, Wurttemberg, and Bavaria—are tied to Prussia by military alliances.
In the Seven Weeks' War, the support they had given Austria had been lukewarm.
The military and political successes of Bismarck, an ardent and aggressive Prussian nationalist, are remarkable, but the first had been achieved at considerable risk, and the second are by no means complete.
Luck had played a part in the decisive victory at the Battle of Königgrätz (Hradec Kralove in the present-day Czech Republic); otherwise, the war might have lasted much longer than it did.
None of the larger German states had supported either Prussia's war or the formation of the North German Confederation led by Prussia.
The states that form what is often called the Third Germany, that is, Germany exclusive of Austria and Prussia, do not desire to come under the control of either of those states.
None of them had wished to be pulled into a war that showed little likelihood of benefiting any of them.
In the Seven Weeks' War, the support they had given Austria had been lukewarm.
Luck had played a part in the decisive victory at the Battle of Königgrätz (Hradec Kralove in the present-day Czech Republic); otherwise, the war might have lasted much longer than it did.
None of the larger German states had supported either Prussia's war or the formation of the North German Confederation led by Prussia.
The states that form what is often called the Third Germany, that is, Germany exclusive of Austria and Prussia, do not desire to come under the control of either of those states.
None of them had wished to be pulled into a war that showed little likelihood of benefiting any of them.
In the Seven Weeks' War, the support they had given Austria had been lukewarm.