Jülich, County of
Substate | Defunct
1003 CE to 1423 CE
The Duchy—originally a County—of Jülich comprises a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries.
The duchy lies left of the Rhine river between the Electorate of Cologne in the east and the Duchy of Limburg in the west.
It had territories on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital Jülich – the former Roman Iuliacum – in the lower Rhineland.
The duchy amalgamates with the County of Berg beyond the Rhine in 1423, and from then on also beomes known as Jülich-Berg.Its territory lies in present-day Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and in the present-day Netherlands (part of the Limburg province), its population sharing the same Limburgish dialect.
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Reinforcements arrive from the Rhineland in January 1262 , led by Wilhelm VII, Duke of Jülich, who had been obliged by Pope Alexander IV to fulfill his crusader duties in Prussia.
This army lifts the Siege of Königsberg but as soon as the army returns home, the Sambians resume the siege and are reinforced by Herkus Monte and his Natangians.
Herkus is subsequently injured and the Natangians retreat, leaving the Sambians unable to prevent supplies from reaching the castle and the siege eventually fails.
The Prussians are more successful in capturing castles deeper into the Prussian territory (with an exception of Wehlau, now Znamensk), and the Knights are left only with strongholds in Balga, Elbing, Chełmno, Toruń, and Königsberg.