Tibet under Yuan rule

Tibet under Yuan rule refers to the Yuan dynasty's rule over Tibet from approximately 1270 to 1354.

During the Yuan rule of Tibet, the region is structurally, militarily and administratively controlled by the Mongol Yuan dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire.

In the history of Tibet, the Mongol rule is established after Sakya Pandita gets power in Tibet from the Mongols in 1244, following the 1240 Mongol conquest of Tibet led by the Mongol general with the title doord darkhan.

It is also called the Sakya dynasty after the favored Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism.

The region retains a degree of political autonomy under the Sakya lama, who is the de jure head of Tibet and a spiritual leader of the Mongol Empire.

However, administrative and military rule of Tibet remains under the auspices of the Yuan government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, a top-level administrative department separate from the provinces of Song China, but still under the administration of the Yuan dynasty.

Tibet retains nominal power over religious and political affairs, while the Mongols manag a structural and administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention.

This exists as a "diarchic structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols.

One of the department's purposes is to select a dpon-chen, usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing.

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