Group
Tonkawa (Amerind tribe)
The Tonkawa are a Native American tribe indigenous to present-day Oklahoma and Texas.
They once spoke the now-extinct Tonkawa language; it is believed to have been a language isolate not related to any other indigenous tongues.
Today, many descendants are enrolled in the federally recognized tribe Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma.=In the fifteenth century, the Tonkawa tribe probably numbers around five thousand, with their numbers diminishing to around sixteen hundred by the late seventeenth century due to fatalities from new infectious diseases and warring with other tribes, most notably the Apache.
By 1921, only thirty-four tribal members remain.
Their numbers recover to close to seven hundred in the early twenty-first century.
Most live in Oklahoma.
Member Cities
- Cameron Milam Texas United States Location
- Childress Childress Texas United States Location
- Fort Belknap Park Young Texas United States Location
- Fort Cobb Caddo Oklahoma United States Location
- Fort Griffin Shackelford Texas United States Location
- Guymon Texas Oklahoma United States Location
- Lockhart Caldwell Texas United States Location
- Menard Menard Texas United States Location
- San Antonio Bexar Texas United States Location
- Spiro Le Flore Oklahoma United States Location
- Tonkawa Kay Oklahoma United States Location