'Adan (Aden) `Adan Yemen
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The Ming dynasty’s Yongle Emperor orders principal envoy grand eunuch Li Xing and grand eunuch Zhou Man of Zheng He's fleet to convey an imperial edict with hats and robes to bestow on the king of Aden in 1421.
The envoys board three treasure ships and set sail from Sumatra to the port of Aden.
This event is recorded in the book Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan, who accompanies the imperial envoy.
The British are looking for a coal depot to service their steamers en route to India.
It takes seven hundred tons of coal for a round-trip from Suez to Bombay.
East India Company officials decide on Aden.
The British Empire tries to reach an agreement with the Zaydi imam of Sana'a, permitting them a foothold in Mocha, and when unable to secure their position, they extract a similar agreement from the Sultan of Lahej, enabling them to consolidate a position in Aden.
An incident plays into British hands when, while passing Aden for trading purposes, one of their sailing ships sinks and Arab tribesmen board it and plunder its contents.
The British India government dispatched a warship under the command of Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines to demand compensation.
Haines bombards Aden from his warship in January 1839.
The ruler of Lahej, who is in Aden at the time, orders his guards to defend the port, but they fail in the face of overwhelming military and naval power.
The British manage to occupy Aden and agree to compensate the sultan with an annual payment of six thousand riyals.
The British evict the Sultan of Lahej from Aden and force him to accept their "protection.
In November 1839, five thousand tribesmen try to retake the town, but are repulsed and two hundred are killed.
The British realize that Aden's prosperity depends on their relations with the neighboring tribes, which require that they rest on a firm and satisfactory basis.
It takes seven hundred tons of coal for a round-trip from Suez to Bombay.
East India Company officials decide on Aden.
The British Empire tries to reach an agreement with the Zaydi imam of Sana'a, permitting them a foothold in Mocha, and when unable to secure their position, they extract a similar agreement from the Sultan of Lahej, enabling them to consolidate a position in Aden.
An incident plays into British hands when, while passing Aden for trading purposes, one of their sailing ships sinks and Arab tribesmen board it and plunder its contents.
The British India government dispatched a warship under the command of Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines to demand compensation.
Haines bombards Aden from his warship in January 1839.
The ruler of Lahej, who is in Aden at the time, orders his guards to defend the port, but they fail in the face of overwhelming military and naval power.
The British manage to occupy Aden and agree to compensate the sultan with an annual payment of six thousand riyals.
The British evict the Sultan of Lahej from Aden and force him to accept their "protection.
In November 1839, five thousand tribesmen try to retake the town, but are repulsed and two hundred are killed.
The British realize that Aden's prosperity depends on their relations with the neighboring tribes, which require that they rest on a firm and satisfactory basis.
The British East India Company lands Royal Marines in Aden on January 19, 1839, to occupy the territory and stop attacks by pirates against British shipping to India, leading to the creation of a British protectorate.
The British have been looking for a coal depot to service their steamers en route to India.
It takes seven hundred tons of coal for a round-trip from Suez to Bombay.
East India Company officials had decided on Aden.
The British Empire had tried to reach an agreement with the Zaydi imam of Sana'a, permitting them a foothold in Mocha, and when unable to secure their position, they had extracted a similar agreement from the Sultan of Lahej, enabling them to consolidate a position in Aden.
An incident had played into British hands when, while passing Aden for trading purposes, one of their sailing ships sank and Arab tribesmen boarded it and plundered its contents.
The British India government had dispatched a warship under the command of Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines to demand compensation.
Haines bombards Aden from his warship in January 1839.
The ruler of Lahej, who is in Aden at the time, orders his guards to defend the port, but they fail in the face of overwhelming military and naval power.
The British manage to occupy Aden and agree to compensate the sultan with an annual payment of six thousand riyals.
The British evict the Sultan of Lahej from Aden and force him to accept their "protection."
The British have been looking for a coal depot to service their steamers en route to India.
It takes seven hundred tons of coal for a round-trip from Suez to Bombay.
East India Company officials had decided on Aden.
The British Empire had tried to reach an agreement with the Zaydi imam of Sana'a, permitting them a foothold in Mocha, and when unable to secure their position, they had extracted a similar agreement from the Sultan of Lahej, enabling them to consolidate a position in Aden.
An incident had played into British hands when, while passing Aden for trading purposes, one of their sailing ships sank and Arab tribesmen boarded it and plundered its contents.
The British India government had dispatched a warship under the command of Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines to demand compensation.
Haines bombards Aden from his warship in January 1839.
The ruler of Lahej, who is in Aden at the time, orders his guards to defend the port, but they fail in the face of overwhelming military and naval power.
The British manage to occupy Aden and agree to compensate the sultan with an annual payment of six thousand riyals.
The British evict the Sultan of Lahej from Aden and force him to accept their "protection."
Five thousand tribesmen try to retake Aden in November 1839, but are repulsed and two hundred are killed.
The British government concludes "protection and friendship" treaties with nine tribes surrounding Aden, whereby they will remain independent from British interference in their affairs as long as they do not conclude treaties with foreigners (non-Arab colonial powers).
Aden is declared a free zone in 1850.
With emigrants from India, East Africa, and Southeast Asia, Aden grows into a world city.
In 1850, only nine hundred and eighty Arabs are registered as original inhabitants of the city.
The English presence in Aden pus them at odds with the Ottomans.
The Turks assert to the British that they hold sovereignty over the whole of Arabia, including Yemen as successor of Muhammad and the Chief of the Universal Caliphate.
Aden is declared a free zone in 1850.
With emigrants from India, East Africa, and Southeast Asia, Aden grows into a world city.
In 1850, only nine hundred and eighty Arabs are registered as original inhabitants of the city.
The English presence in Aden pus them at odds with the Ottomans.
The Turks assert to the British that they hold sovereignty over the whole of Arabia, including Yemen as successor of Muhammad and the Chief of the Universal Caliphate.
The British realize that Aden's prosperity depends on their relations with the neighboring tribes, which require that they rest on a firm and satisfactory basis.
The British government concludes "protection and friendship" treaties with nine tribes surrounding Aden, whereas they will remain independent from British interference in their affairs as long as they do not conclude treaties with foreigners (non-Arab colonial powers).
Sultan Muhsin bin Fadl of the nearby state of Lahej, a sultanate of the Abdali dynasty under the suzerainty of the Zaidi imams, had in the previous year ceded one hundred and ninety-four square kilometers (seventy-five miles) including the port city, to Britain.
The South Arabian port that gives its name to the Gulf of Aden lies about equidistant from the Suez Canal, Bombay (Mumbai), and Zanzibar.
Its vast, natural harbor, first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the fifth and seventh centuries BCE to replenish supplies, particularly water, had been an entrepôt and a way-station for seamen in the ancient world.
The Zaidi Imams of Yemen had expelled the Ottomans from the interior around 1630, from which time the Ottomans have retained control only of isolated coastal areas, while the highlands generally have been ruled by the Zaidi Imams.
The Imamate had begun to collapse in the 1830s due to internal division, and the Ottomans have moved south along the west coast of Arabia back into northern Yemen.
The British government concludes "protection and friendship" treaties with nine tribes surrounding Aden, whereas they will remain independent from British interference in their affairs as long as they do not conclude treaties with foreigners (non-Arab colonial powers).
Sultan Muhsin bin Fadl of the nearby state of Lahej, a sultanate of the Abdali dynasty under the suzerainty of the Zaidi imams, had in the previous year ceded one hundred and ninety-four square kilometers (seventy-five miles) including the port city, to Britain.
The South Arabian port that gives its name to the Gulf of Aden lies about equidistant from the Suez Canal, Bombay (Mumbai), and Zanzibar.
Its vast, natural harbor, first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the fifth and seventh centuries BCE to replenish supplies, particularly water, had been an entrepôt and a way-station for seamen in the ancient world.
The Zaidi Imams of Yemen had expelled the Ottomans from the interior around 1630, from which time the Ottomans have retained control only of isolated coastal areas, while the highlands generally have been ruled by the Zaidi Imams.
The Imamate had begun to collapse in the 1830s due to internal division, and the Ottomans have moved south along the west coast of Arabia back into northern Yemen.
Aden is declared a free zone in 1850.
With emigrants from India, East Africa, and Southeast Asia, Aden will grow into a world city.
In 1850, only nine hundred and eighty Arabs are registered as original inhabitants of the city.
The English presence in Aden puts them at odds with the Ottoman Empire.
The Turks assert to the British that they hold sovereignty over the whole of Arabia, including Yemen as successor of Muhammed and the chief of the universal caliphate.
With emigrants from India, East Africa, and Southeast Asia, Aden will grow into a world city.
In 1850, only nine hundred and eighty Arabs are registered as original inhabitants of the city.
The English presence in Aden puts them at odds with the Ottoman Empire.
The Turks assert to the British that they hold sovereignty over the whole of Arabia, including Yemen as successor of Muhammed and the chief of the universal caliphate.
Hundreds of Yemeni people from Hajz, Al-Baetha, and Taiz migrate to Aden to work at ports, and as laborers, starting in 1890.
This helps the population of Aden once again become predominantly Arab after, having been declared a free zone, it had become mostly foreigners.
This helps the population of Aden once again become predominantly Arab after, having been declared a free zone, it had become mostly foreigners.