Aristobulus of Chalcis is a son of Herod of Chalcis and his first wife Mariamne, hence a great-grandson of Herod the Great.
In 55 CE, he is appointed by Nero as King of Armenia Minor, and participates with his forces in the Roman-Parthian War of 58–63, where he receives a small portion of Armenia in exchange.
He remains its ruler until the area is re-annexed into the Roman Empire in 72.
He appears to have also been vested with the kingdom of Chalcis, and his period as a ruler is dated to 57-92.