Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp (German: Karl Friedrich, Herzog zu Holstein-Gottorp) (30 April 1700 – 18 June 1739) is the son of Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife, Hedvig Sophia, daughter of King Charles XI of Sweden.

He becomes reigning duke in infancy, upon his father's death in 1702, and all his life is a legitimate claimant to the throne of Sweden, as pro forma heir to Charles XII.

Duke Charles Frederick is under the regency of his mother, with whom he resides in Stockholm.

Actual daily rule of the duchy is left to administrators.