Francisco Pi y Margall

The Spanish Cortes votes on May 21 for a monarchical government.

Spains’ Democrats had become active in setting up juntas after the revolution: for the most part, they had rapidly become Federal Republicans under the influence of the theories of the late Proudhon as presented by their leader, Francisco Pi y Margall.

The Democratic intellectuals' main contribution has been to add a radical democratic content to the demands of the military oligarchy.