Johann Peter Beaulieu
Walloon military officer
1725 CE to 1819 CE
Johann Peter de Beaulieu, also Jean Pierre de Beaulieu (born October 26, 1725 in Lathuy, Brabant, Belgium– died December 22, 1819), is a Walloon military officer.
He joins the Austrian army and fights against the Prussians during the Seven Years' War.
A cultured man, he later battles Belgian rebels and earns promotion to general officer.
During the French Revolutionary Wars he fights against the First French Republic and attains high command.
In 1796, a young Napoleon Bonaparte wins some of his first victories against an army led by Beaulieu.
He retires and is the Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment until his death.
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The three armies are to link up in Tyrol and march on Vienna.
In the Rhine Campaign of 1796, Jourdan and Moreau cross the Rhine River and advance into Germany.
Jourdan advances as far as Amberg in late August while Moreau reaches Bavaria and the edge of Tyrol by September.
However, Jourdan is defeated by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and both armies are forced to retreat back across the Rhine.
Napoleon, on the other hand, is successful in a daring invasion of Italy.
In the Montenotte Campaign, he separates the armies of Sardinia and Austria, defeating each one in turn, then forces a peace on Sardinia.
Following this, his army captures Milan and starts the Siege of Mantua.
Bonaparte defeats successive Austrian armies sends against him under Johann Peter Beaulieu, Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser and József Alvinczi while continuing the siege.
The rebellion in the Vendée is also crushed in 1796 by Louis Lazare Hoche.
Hoche's subsequent attempt to land a large invasion force in Munster to aid the United Irishmen is unsuccessful.
A young General Napoleon Bonaparte had arrived in Nice on March 27, 1796, to take over the Army of Italy, his first army command.
His army included sixty-three thousand troops, but of these, only thirty-seven thousand six hundred men and sixty artillery pieces are capable of being put into the field.
The soldiers are badly fed, months behind in pay, and poorly equipped.
Consequently, morale in many units is low and in a few cases this had led to mutiny.
Bonaparte's Austrian opponent, Feldzeugmeister Johann Peter Beaulieu, is also new to the Italian theater of operations.
Beaulieu directly controls nineteen thousand five hundred Austrians of whom half are still in winter quarters.
Beaulieu's subordinate Eugène Argenteau commands an additional eleven thousand five hundred Austrians who are deployed farther to the west around Acqui Terme.
A Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont army of about twenty thousand men is west of Argenteau's corps.
Bonaparte gains his first victory as an army commander on April 12 in the Battle of Montenotte.
Two days later, King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia signs the Armistice of Cherasco, in the headquarters of Napoleon.
The fortresses of Coni, Tortoni and Alessandria, with all their guns, are given up.
In forcing a crossing of the bridge over the Adda River, Bonaparte defeats the Austrian rearguard at the Battle of Lodi on May 20.
The Austrians lose some two thousand men, fourteen guns, and thirty ammunition wagons.
Napoleon's troops take Milan on May 15.
The French-Republican army divisions of the Army of Italy invade the territories of the Serenissima Repubblica di San Marco on June 1, 1796.
Bonaparte seizes the Papal States on June 23.
Pope Pius VI signs the Armistice of Bologna, and is forced to pay a contribution (thirty-four million francs).
The Habsburg army under Marshal Wurmser advances from the Alps, and captures Rivoli and ...
...Verona on July 29.
The French abandon the east bank of the Mincio River, and the outnumbered division (fifteen thousand men) of Masséna retreats towards Lake Garda.