John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll
Scottish soldier and nobleman
1678 CE to 1743 CE
Field Marshal John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, 1st Duke of Greenwich KG (October 10, 1678 – October 4, 1743), known as Iain Ruaidh nan Cath or Red John of the Battles, is a Scottish soldier and nobleman.
World
The Atlantic Lands
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Mar proclaims James as "their lawful sovereign" on September 6 and raises the old Scottish standard.
Mar's proclamation brings in an alliance of clans and northern Lowlanders, and they quickly overrun many parts of the Highlands.
Mar's Jacobites capture Perth on September 14 without opposition.
His army grows to around eight thousand men.
A force of fewer than two thousand men under the Duke of Argyll holds the Stirling plain for the government and Mar indecisively keeps his forces in Perth, waiting for the Earl of Seaforth to arrive with a body of northern clans.
Seaforth is delayed by attacks from other clans loyal to the government.
Planned risings in Wales, Devon and Cornwall are forestalled by the government arresting the local Jacobites.
Mar's forces in Scotland, at the Battle of Sheriffmuir on November 13, are unable to defeat a smaller force led by the Duke of Argyll and ...
...Mar retreats to Perth while the government army builds up.
A ship from France brings the Pretender, belatedly, to Peterhead on December 22, 1715, but he is too consumed by melancholy and fits of fever to inspire his followers.
He briefly sets up court at Scone, Perthshire, visits his troops in Perth and orders the burning of villages to hinder the advance of the Duke of Argyll through deep snow.
The Jacobite leaders James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater and William Gordon, 6th Viscount of Kenmure, who had been taken prisoner at the barricades of Preston, are on February 24, 1716, executed for treason at Tower Hill.
The Earl of Nithsdale had escaped from the Tower the day before.
Radclyffe, on the scaffold, expresses regret at having pleaded guilty, and declares his devotion to his Roman Catholic religion and to James III.
The highlanders are cheered by the prospect of battle, but James's councilors decide to abandon the endeavor and order a retreat to the coast, giving the pretext of seeking a stronger position.
James boards a ship at Montrose and eludes to France on February 4, 1716, leaving a message assigning his Highland adherents to shift for themselves.
The Disarming Act, which comes into effect on November 1, 1716, and the Clan Act make some attempts to subdue the Scottish Highlands in the aftermath of the 'Fifteen'.
Government garrisons are built or extended in the Great Glen at Fort William, ...
...Kiliwhimin (later renamed Fort Augustus) and ...
...Fort George, Inverness, as well as ...
...barracks at Ruthven, ...