Ornithology
333 BCE to 2215 CE
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds.
Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds.
Most marked among these is the extent of studies undertaken by amateurs working within the parameters of strict scientific methodology.
The science of ornithology has a long history and studies on birds have helped develop several key concepts in evolution, behavior and ecology such as the definition of species, the process of speciation, instinct, learning, ecological niches, guilds, island biogeography, phylogeography and conservation.
While early ornithology is principally concerned with descriptions and distributions of species, ornithologists today seek answers to very specific questions, often using birds as models to test hypotheses or predictions based on theories.
Most modern biological theories apply across taxonomic groups and the number of professional scientists who identify themselves as "ornithologists" has therefore declined.
A wide range of tools and techniques are used in ornithology, both inside the laboratory and out in the field, and innovations are constantly made.