Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms

Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms covers Scotland's involvement in the wider conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms between 1644 and 1650.

The Wars of the Three Kingdoms are a series of civil wars that were fought in Scotland, England and Ireland, and also included the Bishops Wars, the English Civil War and Irish Confederate Wars.In Scotland itself, from 1644-45 a Scottish civil war is fought between Scottish Royalists — supporters of Charles I — under James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, and the Covenanters, who has controlled Scotland since 1639 and ally themselves with the English Parliament.

The Scottish Royalists, aided by Irish troops, have a rapid series of victories in 1644–45, but are eventually defeated by the Covenanters.However, the Covenanters now find themselves at odds with the English Parliament and back the claims of Charles II to the thrones of England and Scotland.

This leads to the Third English Civil War, when Scotland is invaded and occupied by the Parliamentarian New Model Army under Oliver Cromwell.

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