Aal-Hajjaj, later in 711, orders Qutayba to…

Aal-Hajjaj, later in 711, orders Qutayba to march against the Hephthalite kingdom of Zabulistan, whose ruler, titled Zunbil, has long remained an indomitable thorn in the Arabs' side and menaced their province of Sistan.

Repeated expeditions against him have failed, and a truce has been agreed in exchange for tribute.

In addition, the existence of a free Zabulite kingdom is a threat to the security of Muslim control over the Hephthalite principalities of Tokhristan, who might be encouraged to seek support from it.

Thus Qutayba leads a large army south, but the Zunbil readily offers his submission and the payment of tribute.

Satisfied with this easy success, and unwilling to hazard a campaign in the mountains of Zabulistan, Qutayba departs.

No garrisons are installed, and as soon as the Arab army has departed, the Zunbil ceases the payment of tribute.