Celts had crossed the Pyrenees into Spain in two major migrations in the ninth and the seventh centuries BCE.

The Celts had settled for the most part north of the Rio Duero and the Rio Ebro, where they have mixed with the Iberians to form groups called Celtiberians.

The Celtiberians are farmers and herders who also excel in metalworking crafts, which the Celts have brought from their Danubian homeland by way of Italy and southern France.

Celtic influence  dominates Celtiberian culture.

The Celtiberians appear to have had no social or political organization larger than their matriarchal, collective, and independent clans.