Prussia, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands,…

Prussia, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Portugal, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Ottoman Empire have all become members of the League of Armed Neutrality by the time the Treaty of Paris ends the War of American Independence in 1783.

As the British Navy outnumbers all their fleets combined, the alliance as a military measure is what Catherine will later call it, an "armed nullity".

Diplomatically, however, it carries greater weight; France and the United States of America se quick to proclaim their adherence to the new principle of free neutral commerce.

Britain—which does not—still has no wish to antagonize Russia, and had avoided interfering with the allies' shipping.

While both sides of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War tacitly understand it as an attempt to keep the Netherlands out of the League, Britain does not officially regard the alliance as hostile.

Throughout the war most of the naval supplies of the Royal Navy had continued to come from the Baltic Sea.