...capturing Düren.William has held the neighboring Duchy…
July 1543 CE
...capturing Düren.
William has held the neighboring Duchy of Guelders from 1539, as successor of his distant relatives, the Egmond dukes, who had sold their right of heritage.
He has made a treaty with the King of France and married Jeanne d'Albret, and with this backup had dared to challenge the Emperor.
William learns all too soon that the French have not lifted a finger to help him.
Overwhelmed, he has has to surrender.
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Ottoman-Habsburg Wars
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Protestant Reformation
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Little War in Hungary
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Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation or Catholic Revival)
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Anglo-Scottish War of 1542-49 (War of The Rough Wooing)
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Anglo-French War of 1542-46
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Italian War of 1542-6, or Italian War between Charles V and Francis I, Fourth
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