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England has confronted repeated raids throughout this …

Years: 1403 - 1403

England has confronted repeated raids throughout this period by pirates that heavily damage trade and the navy.

There is some evidence that Henry IV employed state-legalized piracy as a form of warfare in the English Channel, using such privateering campaigns to pressure enemies without risking open war.

The French respond in kind and French pirates, under Scottish protection, raided many English coastal towns.

A Breton squadron defeats the English in the Channel in 1403 and devastates Jersey, …