Guiscard's son Bohemond, for a time master…

Salerno Campania Italy View →

Antipope Clement III View → Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor View → Pope Gregory VII View → Robert Guiscard View →

Lombards (West Germanic tribe) View → Venice, Duchy of View → Papal States (Republic of St. Peter) View → Normans View → German, or Ottonian (Roman) Empire View → Apulia, Norman Duchy of View → Roman Empire, Eastern: Komnenos dynasty, restored View →

Norman Conquest of Southern Italy View → Investiture Controversy View →

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