Jugurtha provokes a war with his brother…

Laodice VI’s regency over Pontus, which has lasted from 120 BCE to 116 BCE (even perhaps up to 113 BCE), has favored her younger son Mithridates Chrestus over her elder son Mithridates, who had escaped from the plotting of his mother and gone into hiding.

Returning to Pontus between 116 BCE and 113 BCE, Mithridates is hailed as King and is able to remove Laodice and Chrestus from the Pontic throne, thus becoming the sole ruler of the kingdom.

Mithridates shows clemency towards his mother and brother, imprisoning them both.

Laodice VI dies in prison of natural causes.

However, Mithridates Chrestus could have died in prison from natural causes or was tried for treason and was executed on his orders.

Mithridates gives his mother and brother a royal funeral.

He takes as his wife his sixteen-year-old sister Laodice, to preserve the purity of the royal bloodline, to ensure the succession to his legitimate children, and to claim his right as a ruling monarch.

The longsword-wielding Cimbri had left their original lands around the Baltic sea in the Jutland peninsula and Southern Scandinavia for unknown reasons (possibly due to climate change), sometime around 120–115 BCE.

Journeying to the southeast, they were soon joined by their neighbors and possible relatives the Teutones.

Together they had defeated the Scordisci, along with the Boii, many of whom have apparently joined them.

They arrive in 113 BCE on the Danube, in Noricum, home to the Roman-allied Taurisci, who, unable to hold back these new, powerful invaders on their own, call on Rome for aid.

Antiochus VIII Grypus and Tryphaena have five sons: Seleucus VI Epiphanes, the twin Antiochus XI Epiphanes and Philip I Philadelphus, Demetrius III Eucaerus, and Antiochus XII Dionysus.

Tryphaena also has borne her husband a daughter called Laodice, who is to become the wife of Mithridates I Callinicus.

In 112 BCE, Grypus defeats his stepbrother and rival Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, and takes Antioch, where Cleopatra IV, the wife of Antiochus IX, stays.

Tryphaena hates her sister Cleopatra IV, who has taken refuge in the temple of Apollo, and wants her to be killed.

She accuses Cleopatra IV to have interfered with foreign armies in the dispute between the Seleucid stepbrothers and to have again married outside Egypt against the will of her mother.

Grypus asks his wife to spare her sister, stating that his ancestors had never dealt so violently with women.

He adds that the temple where Cleopatra IV has taken refuge, is sacred, and that he has to respect the gods, with whose help he has won, but Tryphaena, unpersuaded by her husband, orders several soldiers to execute her sister.

They penetrate into the temple and kill Cleopatra IV, who before dying curses her murderers and leaves her revenge to the discretion of the dishonored gods.

The Roman consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo in 112 BCE leads the legions into Noricum, and after making an impressive show of force, takes up a strong defensive position on the heights near Aquileiaa nd demands that the Cimbri and their allies should leave the province immediately.

The Cimbri initially set about complying peacefully with Rome's demands, but soon discover that Carbo has laid an ambush against them.

Infuriated by this treachery, they attack and, at the Battle of Noreia, annihilate Carbo's army, almost killing Carbo in the process.

Carbo manages to escape with his life and the remnants of his army (though the Germanic tribesmen had erroneously thought and boasted that they had caught and slain their betrayer).

He is disgraced and impeached as consul by the senate, but is not exiled (such punishment was rare among the Romans according to Nate Rosenstein, in Imperatores Victi).

Italy is now open to invasion and Rome prepares for the worst, but instead the Cimbri and Teutones head west, towards Gaul.

Han, having forced the northern invaders to retire behind the Great Wall, pushes Chinese political influence westward into Central Asia.

Han also takes control of the Fujian (Fukien) state of Yue.

Tryphaena is taken prisoner by Antiochus IX a year after the murder of Cleopatra IV, after he had beaten his stepbrother in another battle.

Antiochus IX has her executed, sacrificing her in this way to the manes of his wife.

The two rivals now divide Syria between them.

Jugurtha’s execution of Italians and Romans had forced the Roman Senate to declare war in 112 BCE.

The Roman consul Lucius Calpurnius Bestia leads an army against Jugurtha but Jugurtha surrenders and is given unusually favorable terms.

It appears that Bestia was bribed.

So favorable are Jugurtha's terms of surrender that it leads to an investigation in Rome.

Jugurtha is summoned to Rome.

Upon his arrival, he bribes two Roman tribunes who in turn protect him and prevent him from testifying.

Jugurtha now attempts to arrange for the assassination of a potential rival (his cousin Massiva, who is staying in Rome) and is expelled from the city.

The latent hostility between Lathyros and his mother finally erupts in October 110, when Cleopatra expels him from Egypt and recalls his brother Alexander from Cyprus to serve as coregent.

The civil war in Syria has provided opportunity for semi-independent Seleucid client states such as Judea to revolt.

In 110 BCE, John Hyrcanus carries out the first military conquests of the newly independent Hasmonean kingdom, raising a mercenary army to capture Ma'daba and …