Michelangelo, commissioned by Pope Paul III, designs…

Both Binnya Kyan and Binnya Law had been childhood tutors of Takayupti, and are absolutely devoted to him.

Nonetheless, both ministers are executed in 1538 by the young king, who believes Toungoo's misinformation that the ministers are Toungoo moles.

After their death, the king finds himself helpless.

When Toungoo forces arrive once again in late 1538, he decides, rather than fight, to flee Pegu for the Prome Kingdom, where another brother-in-law of his, Narapati of Prome, is king.

(He does not retreat to Martaban, which is nominally still part of Hanthawaddy because he does not trust its governor Saw Binnya.)

The Toungoo forces take the Mon capital without firing a shot.

Rival boyars soon dispute the dominance of the Glinsky family, and the regency degenerates into denunciation, intrigue, and violence.

Yelena dies in April 1538, and the misrule and factionalism continue as Ivan, orphaned and sickly, is ignored and undereducated.

John, by the Peace of Varad, has the remaining two-thirds of Hungary, with the royal title and his capital at Buda, and Ferdinand is to succeed on the older man’s death if he remains childless (John is unmarried).

Meanwhile in the eastern Balkans, the Ottoman Turks attack Iasi (Jassy) in 1538 and ...

...annex the Black Sea coastal land of Budzhak, or Budjak; ...

...Süleyman now occupies Moldavia and installs a new governor.

The city of Oradea, or Nagyvárad, had been captured by the Turks in 1474 after a protracted siege.

Their mostly tolerant policies towards others peoples ensured that the city has become an ethnic mosaic of Romanians, Hungarians, Austrians, Slovaks, Hebrews, Ruthenians and Turks, causing Oradea to grow as an urban area starting with the sixteenth century.

After the Ottoman invasion of Hungary in the first third of the sixteenth century, the city has become a constant point of contention between the Principality of Transylvania, the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy.

The Peace of Várad, mediated in 1538 by Zápolya's adviser, the Paulist bishop György Martinuzzi (Juraj Utje-senovic, “Friar George”), is concluded between Emperor Ferdinand I and John Zápolya here on February 4, 1538, in which they mutually recognize each other as legitimate monarchs of a divided Hungary.

Ferdinand takes western Hungary with Croatia.

Having secured his hold on Iraq, Suleieman builds a naval station at Basra in 1538, establishing garrisons and fleets that not only resist the Portuguese naval attacks but also attack them in the Eastern seas.

An enormous Persian carpet, more than thirty-four feet (ten meters) long and seventeen feet (five meters) wide, is woven in 1539 by Maqsud Kashan for the shrine of Safavid ancestor Sheikh Safi al-Din at Ardabil.

Bahadur Shah tries to negotiate the withdrawal of the Portuguese once the threat from Humayun is removed, Bahadur, but had drowned on February 13, 1537, during the negotiations on board of a Portuguese ship in unclear circumstances, both sides blaming the other for the traged.

These events are followed by the 1538 Siege of Diu.

Ottoman naval power is felt at this time even as far afield as India, where a fleet sent out from Egypt assist the Gujaratis in an unsuccessful attempt in 1538 to take the town of Diu from the Portuguese.