The French Revolution had proved as disastrous…

The French Revolution had proved as disastrous for the temporal territories of the Papacy as it was for the Roman Church in general.

France had annexed the Comtat Venaissin and Avignon in 1791.

The Legations (the Papal States' northern territories) were seized later, with the French invasion of Italy in 1796, and became part of the Cisalpine Republic.

The Papal States as a whole were invaded two years later by French forces, who declared a Roman Republic.

Pope Pius VI had fled to Siena, and died in exile in Valence (France) in 1799.

The Papal States had been restored in June 1800 and Pope Pius VII has taken up residency once again, but the French under Napoleon again invade in 1808.