Pope Innocent IV had in 1246 authorized…

Ayutthayan king Ramathibodi II sends the Siamese armies to subjugate …

…the Sultanate of Malacca in 1500.

The Siamese kingdom is unable to conquer Malacca, but it manages to exact tributes from the Malacca sultanate and …

… others, including Pattani, …

…Pahang, and …

…Kelantan.

Muhammad Shaybani was initially an Uzbek warrior leading a contingent of three thousand men in the army of the Timurid ruler of Samarkand, Sultan Ahmed Mirza under the Amir, Abdul Ali Tarkhan.

However, when Ahmed Mirza went to war against Sultan Mahmud Khan, the Khan of Moghulistan, to reclaim Tashkent from him, Shaybani had secretly met the Moghul Khan and agreed to betray and plunder Ahmed's army.

This had occurred in the Battle of the Chirciq River in 1488, resulting in a decisive victory for Moghulistan.

Sultan Mahmud Khan had given Turkistan to Shaybani as a reward.

Here, however, Shaybani had oppressed the local Kazakhs, resulting in a war between Moghulistan and the Kazakh Khanate.

Moghulistan had been defeated in this war, but Shaybani had gained power among the Uzbeks, and had decided to conquer Samarkand and Bukhara from Ahmed Mirza.

Sultan Mahmud's subordinate emirs persuade him to aid Shaybani in doing so, and together they march on Samarkand.

Shaybani, continuing the policies of his grandfather, Abul-Khayr Khan, by 1500 ousts the Timurids from their capital.

Alexander is a weak and lethargic prince so incapable of defending his possessions against the persistent attacks of the Muscovites that he had attempted to save them by a matrimonial compact.

However, the clear determination of Ivan to appropriate as much of Lithuania as possible, finally compels Alexander to take up arms against his father-in-law, renewing hostilities in May 1500, when Ivan III takes advantage of a planned Polish–Hungarian campaign against the Ottoman Empire.

While preoccupied with the Ottomans, Poland and Hungary will not provide assistance to Lithuania.

The pretext is the alleged religious intolerance to the Orthodox members of the Lithuanian court.

Helena is forbidden by her father Ivan III to convert to Catholicism and this provides numerous opportunities for Ivan III, as defender of all Orthodox, to interfere in Lithuanian affairs and rally Orthodox believers.

The Muscovites promptly overrun Lithuanian fortresses in Bryansk, …

…Vyazma, …

…Dorogobuzh, …

…Toropets, and …