The allies, after initiating Anglo-French military operations…

The allies, after initiating Anglo-French military operations in late 1857 and taking briefly the Taku forts near Tianjin (Tientsin), quickly force the Chinese to sign the treaties of Tientsin from June 13 to 17, 1858, ending what the Chinese call the Anglo-French War.

The treaties provide residence in Peking for foreign envoys, the opening of ten new ports to Western trade and residence, the right of foreign travel in the interior of China, the opening of the country's major waterway, the Yangtze River, to foreign navigation, and freedom of movement for Christian missionaries.