The Athenians take the ambitious decision to…

Inarus, the son of a Libyan prince named Psamtik, presumably of the old Saite line, holds a kingship over the Libyans from Mareia (above Pharos) and the part of the Nile Delta around Sais.

With help from Amyrtaeus, also from Sais, who takes the northern marshes, Inarus drives out the tax-collectors and collects mercenaries, thus starting a revolt in Egypt during the reign of King Artaxerxes I of Persia after the assassination of King Xerxes I.

Themistocles, who has issued some coins, in the past few years, allegedly commits suicide in about 460 when called upon by his Persian hosts to take part in a naval war against the Athenians.

The Athenian allies, from whom Inarus is paid one hundred triers, send troops and an army of more than two hundred ships led by Charitimides to aid him in 460 BCE.

The Messenian defenders of Mount Ithome leave the Peloponnese in about 460 BCE.

Corinth as far as is known had made no move to help Sparta at the time of the Ithome disaster but seems to have pursued expansionist goals of its own in the Peloponnese, perhaps at Argos' expense.

Now that Athens and Argos are allied, this indirectly tends to damage Corinth's hitherto good relations with Athens. (Corinth had fought well at Salamis, as even Herodotus was aware, although after 460 very different stories were circulating on this topic.)

More relevant than this is Athens' ready reception of a third ally, Megara; …

…like the Argives, the Megarians had also felt pressure from Corinth and turned to Athens.

This is the cause and beginning of the “violent hatred” between Corinth and Athens, which produces what modern scholars call the First Peloponnesian War (460-446).

The long running dispute between the cities of Argos and Clenoae over control of the Panhellenic Nemean games in Argolís, lasts until 460, when Argos prevails.

The Athenians, flexing imperial muscle, commit themselves to war with Corinth at the same time launching a large-scale invasion of Egypt (460-454), in ostensible continuance of the fight against Persia.

However, as Egypt has long been a rich and desirable Persian satrapy, exploited by absentee Persian landowners, Athenian motives may be largely economic.

The first battle of the war in Greece, at Halieis in the Gulf of Argolís, is a Corinthian victory; …

The rebel army had confronted the Persian army of around four hundred thousand infantry and eighty ships led by the brother of Artaxerxes, the satrap Achaemenes, who, together with one hundred thousand of his four hundred thousand men, is defeated and killed at Pampremis.

The Persians retreat to Memphis.

The commanders of the Athenian fleet, Charitimides and Cimon, fight a naval battle with the Persians, in which forty Greek ships engage fifty Persians ships, of which twenty are captured with their crews, and the remaining thirty sunk.

To show that their victory is complete, the rebels send the dead body of satrap Achaemenes to the Persian king.