On the capture of Rome in 1870,…
1864 CE to 1875 CE
Popes had gradually come to have a secular role as governors of regions near Rome.
They had ruled the Papal States, which covered a large portion of the Italian peninsula, for more than a thousand years until the mid-nineteenth century, when all the territory belonging to the papacy was seized by the newly created Kingdom of Italy.
For most of this time the popes did not live at the Vatican.
The Lateran Palace, on the opposite side of Rome, had been their habitual residence for about a thousand years.
From 1309 to 1377, they lived at Avignon in France.
On their return to Rome they chose to live at the Vatican.
They moved to the Quirinal Palace in 1583, after work on it was completed under Pope Paul V (1605–1621).
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