The Crusaders capture Byblos in 1103, following…

Cham King Jaya Indravarman, on hearing in 1103 from a Vietnamese refugee that he could easily reconquer the three northern provinces lost to Dai Viet in the Vietnamese-Cham War of 1068-74, immediately ceases his customary tribute payments to his neighbor and launches an attack on the ceded territories.

At first successful, the Cham forces are unable to hold the provinces beyond a few months before the Dai Viet forces defeat them and drive them back into Champa proper.

Yingzao Fashi is a technical treatise on architecture and craftsmanship written by Li Jie, an architect and official at the Directorate of Buildings and Construction.

Li had completed the book in 1100, and presented it to Emperor Zhezong of Song in the last year of his reign.

His successor, Emperor Huizong, has Li's treatise officially published three years later, in 1103, for the benefit of foremen, architects, and literate craftsmen.

The book is intended to provide standard regulations, not only to the engineering agencies of the central government, but also the many workshops and artisan families throughout China who can benefit from using a well-written government manual on building practices.

Yingzao Fashi includes building codes and regulations, accounting information, descriptions of construction materials, and classification of crafts.

In its thirty-four chapters, the book outlines units of measurement, and the construction of moats, fortifications, stonework, and woodwork.

For the latter, it includes specifications for making bracketing units with inclined arms and joints for columns and beams.

It also provides specifications for wood carving, drilling, sawing, bamboo work, tiling, wall building, and decoration.

The book contains recipes for decorative paints, glazes, and coatings, also listing proportions for mixing mortars used in masonry, brickwork, and manufacture of glazed tiles, illustrating practices and standards with drawings.

His book outlines structural carpentry in great detail, providing standard dimensional measurements for all components used; here he develops a standard eight-grade system for sizing timber elements, known as the cai-fen system of units, which can be universally applied in buildings.

About eight percent of Li Jie's book is derived from preexisting written material on architecture, while the majority of the book documents the inherited traditions of craftsmen and architects.

The Yingzao Fashi provides a full glossary of technical terms that include mathematical formulae, building proportions, and construction techniques, and discusses the implications of the local topography for construction at a particular site.

He also estimates the monetary costs of hiring laborers of different skill levels from various crafts on the basis of a day's work, in addition to the price of the materials they will need and according to the season in which they are to be employed.

Lund, along with Sigtuna, is the oldest city in present-day Sweden.

Until the 1980s, the town was thought to have been founded around 1020 by either Sweyn I Forkbeard or his son Canute the Great of Denmark, the kingdom of which the area was then a part, bu recent archaeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement dated to circa 990, possibly the relocation of settlers at Uppåkra, when Scania belonged to Denmark.

The Uppåkra settlement dates back to the first century BCE and its remains are at the present site of the village of Uppåkra.

King Sweyn I Forkbeard had moved Lund to its present location, a distance of some five kilometers (three point one miles).

The new location of Lund, on a hill and across a ford, gives the new site considerable defensive advantages in comparison with Uppåkra, situated on the highest point of a large plain.

Lund had soon become a major Christian center of the Baltic Sea region, at a time when the area is still a frontier area for Christian mission, and within Scandinavia and especially Denmark through the Middle Ages.

King Eric I of Denmark had gone to Rome on a pilgrimage and secured two important concessions from Pope Pascal II: sainthood for his murdered brother, Saint Canute IV and the creation of an archdiocese that includes all of Scandinavia.

Lund was named as the headquarters.

The city had been made a see in 1048 and united with Dalby in 1060, and in 1103 becomes the seat of the archbishop for Scandinavia.

The diocese of nearby Dalby had been absorbed in 1066.

Lund Cathedral is similarly founded in or shortly after 1103.

Zbigniew, by aligning himself with Boleslaw’s southern neighbor, wishes to compel Boleslaw to cease his raids into Pomerania.

Boleslaw, on the other hand, allies himself with Kievan Rus and Hungary.

His marriage to Zbyslava, the daughter of Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich in around 1103, is to seal the alliance between himself and the prince of Kiev.

However, Boleslaw's first diplomatic move had been to recognize Pope Paschal II, which had put him in strong opposition to the Holy Roman Empire.

A later visit of papal legate Gwalo, Bishop of Beauvais, brings the church matters into order, it also increases Boleslaw's influence.

Raymond, with the aid of imperial engineers, constructs Mons Peregrinus, "Pilgrim's mountain" or "Qalaat Saint-Gilles" ("fortress of Saint-Gilles") in 1103 in order to block Tripoli's access inland.

Taking the nominal title of Count of Tripoli, Raymond is aided by Alexios I, who prefers a friendly state in Tripoli to balance the hostile state in Antioch.

With the Genoese Hugh Embriaco, Raymond also seizes Gibelet.

Tancred expands the frontiers of the principality to include the important port of Latakia, taken from the Empire in 1103.

Zahir ad-Din Toghtekin had been a junior officer to Tutush I, Seljuq ruler of Damascus and Syria.

After the former's death in 1095, civil war had erupted, and Toghtekin had supported Tutush's son Duqaq as emir of the city against Radwan, the emir of Aleppo.

In the chaos of the ensuing years, Toghtekin had been sent to reconquer the town of Jebleh, which had rebelled against the qadi of Tripoli, but he was unable to accomplish his task.

When the Crusader army appeared at the gates of Antioch on October 21, 1097, the local emir, Yaghi-Siyan, though nominally under Radwan's suzerainty, had appealed to Duqaq to send an armed force to their rescue.

Duqaq had sent Toghtekin, but on December 31, 1097, he was defeated by Bohemond of Taranto and Robert II of Flanders, and was forced to retreat.

Another relief attempt had been made by a joint force under Kerbogha, the emir of Mosul, and Toghtekin, which was also crushed by the Crusaders on June 28, 1098.

When the Crusaders moved southwards from the newly conquered Antioch, the qadi of Jebleh had sold his town to Duqaq, who had installed Toghtekin's son, Taj al-Muluk Buri, as its ruler.

His tyrannical rule, however, led to his quick downfall.

In 1103, Toghtekin is sent by Duqaq to take possession of Homs at the request of its inhabitants, after the assassination of the emir Janah al-Dawla by order of Radwan.

Eric I, King of Denmark, is the first king to go on pilgrimage after the conquest of Jerusalem during the First Crusade.

Eric and his queen, Boedil, he traveling by horse and she by carriage, had journeyed with a large company through Russia to Constantinople, where he was a guest of the emperor.

While there, he had become ill, but took ship for Cyprus anyway.

He dies in July 1103 at Paphos, Cyprus.

The queen has him buried here.

Queen Boedil also becomes ill, but will make it to Jerusalem, where she will die and be buried in the Kidron Valley, at the foot of the Mount of Olives.

Baldwin has rebuilt his army, routing the Egyptian Muslims from Jaffa in 1102 and driving them south.

A contingent of Danish crusaders arrives the following year at Jaffa to assist in its defense.